Surrogate

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Atherosclerosis Surrogate Marker in Diabetic Patients

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Surrogate Constraints

A surrogate constraint is an inequality implied by the constraints of an integ~r program, and designed to capture useful information that cannot be extra~ted from the parent constraints individually but is nevertheless a consequepce of their conjunction. The use of such constraints as originally propo~ed by the author has recently been extended in an important way by EGON! BALAS and ARTHUR GEOF...

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Package ‘ Surrogate ’

August 18, 2017 Type Package Title Evaluation of Surrogate Endpoints in Clinical Trials Version 0.4 Date 2017-08-18 Author Wim Van der Elst, Paul Meyvisch, Ariel Alonso, Hannah M. Ensor, Christopher J. Weir & Geert Molenberghs Maintainer Wim Van der Elst Description In a clinical trial, it frequently occurs that the most credible outcome to evaluate the effectiveness ...

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Surrogate time

Before we apply nonlinear techniques, for example those inspired by chaos theory, to dynamical phenomena occurring in nature, it is necessary to rst ask if the use of such advanced techniques is justiied by the data. While many processes in nature seem very unlikely a priori to be linear, the possible nonlinear nature might not be evident in speciic aspects of their dynamics. The method of surr...

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Surrogate reasoning

Surrogate reasoning is reasoning whose task is partially taken over by operations on external aids, such as sentences, diagrams, physical models, mathematical models, and computers. Drawing on the basic concepts in situation theory, we present a semi-formal model of surrogate reasoning. We claim that the relative advantages and disadvantages of different forms of surrogate reasoning can be expl...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Nature

سال: 2018

ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687

DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-05766-x